OpenDJ supports several methods of grouping entries in the directory. Static groups list their members, whereas dynamic groups look up their membership based on an LDAP filter. OpenDJ also supports virtual static groups, which uses a dynamic group style definition, but allows applications to list group members as if the group were static. When listing entries in static groups, you must also have a mechanism for removing entries from the list when they are deleted or modified in ways that end their membership. OpenDJ makes that possible with referential integrity functionality. This chapter demonstrates how to work with groups. The examples in this chapter assume that an ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com entry already exists. If you imported data from Example.ldif, then you already have the entry. If you generated data during setup and did not create an organizational unit for groups yet, create the entry before you try the examples. $ ldapmodify --defaultAdd --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password dn: ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: organizationalunit objectClass: top ou: Groups Processing ADD request for ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ADD operation successful for DN ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com

Groups Static A static group is expressed as an entry that enumerates all the entries that belong to the group. Static group entries grow as their membership increases. Static group entries can take the standard object class groupOfNames where each member attribute value is a distinguished name of an entry, or groupOfUniqueNames where each uniqueMember attribute value has Name and Optional UID syntax.Name and Optional UID syntax values are a DN optionally followed by #BitString. The BitString, such as '0101111101'B, serves to distinguish the entry from another entry having the same DN, which can occur when the original entry was deleted and a new entry created with the same DN. Like other LDAP attributes, member and uniqueMember attributes take sets of unique values. Static group entries can also have the object class groupOfEntries, which is like groupOfNames except that it is designed to allow groups not to have members. When creating a group entry, use groupOfNames or groupOfEntries where possible. To create a static group, add a group entry such as the following to the directory. $ cat static.ldif dn: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com cn: My Static Group objectClass: groupOfNames objectClass: top ou: Groups member: uid=ahunter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tmorris,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --defaultAdd --filename static.ldif Processing ADD request for cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ADD operation successful for DN cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com To change group membership, modify the values of the membership attribute. $ cat add2grp.ldif dn: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com changetype: modify add: member member: uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --filename add2grp.ldif Processing MODIFY request for cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com MODIFY operation successful for DN cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(cn=My Static Group)" dn: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ou: Groups objectClass: groupOfNames objectClass: top member: uid=ahunter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tmorris,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com cn: My Static Group RFC 4519 says a groupOfNames entry must have at least one member. Although OpenDJ allows you to create a groupOfNames without members, strictly speaking that behavior is not standard. Alternatively, you can use the groupOfEntries object class as shown in the following example. $ cat group-of-entries.ldif dn: cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com cn: Initially Empty Static Group objectClass: groupOfEntries objectClass: top ou: Groups $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --defaultAdd --filename group-of-entries.ldif Processing ADD request for cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ADD operation successful for DN cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com $ cat add-members.ldif # Now add some members to the group. dn: cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com changetype: modify add: member member: uid=ahunter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tmorris,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --filename add-members.ldif Processing MODIFY request for cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com MODIFY operation successful for DN cn=Initially Empty Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com

Groups Dynamic A dynamic group specifies members using LDAP URLs. Dynamic groups entries can stay small even as their membership increases. Dynamic group entries take the groupOfURLs object class, with one or more memberURL values specifying LDAP URLs to identify group members. To create a dynamic group, add a group entry such as the following to the directory. The following example builds a dynamic group of entries effectively matching the filter "(l=Cupertino)" (users whose location is Cupertino). Change the filter if your data is different, and so no entries have l: Cupertino. $ cat dynamic.ldif dn: cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com cn: My Dynamic Group objectClass: top objectClass: groupOfURLs ou: Groups memberURL: ldap:///ou=People,dc=example,dc=com??sub?l=Cupertino $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --defaultAdd --filename dynamic.ldif Processing ADD request for cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ADD operation successful for DN cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com Group membership changes dynamically as entries change to match the memberURL values. $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(&(uid=*jensen)(isMemberOf=cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com))" mail dn: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com mail: bjensen@example.com dn: uid=rjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com mail: rjensen@example.com $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password dn: uid=ajensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com changetype: modify replace: l l: Cupertino Processing MODIFY request for uid=ajensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com MODIFY operation successful for DN uid=ajensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com ^D $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(&(uid=*jensen)(isMemberOf=cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com))" mail dn: uid=ajensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com mail: ajensen@example.com dn: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com mail: bjensen@example.com dn: uid=rjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com mail: rjensen@example.com

Groups Virtual static OpenDJ lets you create virtual static groups, which let applications see dynamic groups as what appear to be static groups. The virtual static group takes auxiliary object class ds-virtual-static-group. Virtual static groups also take either the object class groupOfNames, or groupOfUniqueNames, but instead of having member or uniqueMember attributes, have ds-target-group-dn attributes pointing to other groups. Generating the list of members can be resource intensive for large groups, so by default you cannot retrieve the list of members. You can change this with the dsconfig command by setting the Virtual Static member or Virtual Static uniqueMember property. $ dsconfig set-virtual-attribute-prop --port 4444 --hostname opendj.example.com --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --name "Virtual Static member" --set allow-retrieving-membership:true --trustAll --no-prompt The following example creates a virtual static group, and reads the group entry with all members. $ cat virtual.ldif dn: cn=Virtual Static,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com cn: Virtual Static objectclass: top objectclass: groupOfNames objectclass: ds-virtual-static-group ds-target-group-dn: cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapmodify --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --defaultAdd --filename virtual.ldif Processing ADD request for cn=Virtual Static,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ADD operation successful for DN cn=Virtual Static,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(cn=Virtual Static)" dn: cn=Virtual Static,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com objectClass: groupOfNames objectClass: ds-virtual-static-group objectClass: top member: uid=jwalker,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=jmuffly,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tlabonte,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=dakers,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=jreuter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=rfisher,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=pshelton,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=rjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=jcampaig,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mjablons,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mlangdon,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=aknutson,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bplante,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=awalker,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=smason,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=ewalker,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=dthorud,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=btalbot,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tcruse,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=kcarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=aworrell,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=ajensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=cwallace,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mwhite,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=kschmith,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mtalbot,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tschmith,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=gfarmer,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=speterso,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=prose,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=jbourke,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mtyler,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=abergin,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=mschneid,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com cn: Virtual Static ds-target-group-dn: cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com

Groups Membership OpenDJ lets you look up which groups a user belongs to by using the isMemberOf attribute. $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com uid=bjensen isMemberOf dn: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com isMemberOf: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com isMemberOf: cn=Virtual Static,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com isMemberOf: cn=My Dynamic Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com You must request isMemberOf explicitly.

Groups Referential integrity When you delete or rename an entry that belongs to static groups, that entry's DN must be removed or changed in the list of each group to which it belongs. You can configure OpenDJ to resolve membership on your behalf after the change operation succeeds by enabling referential integrity. Referential integrity functionality is implemented as a plugin. The referential integrity plugin is disabled by default. To enable the plugin, use the dsconfig command. $ dsconfig set-plugin-prop --port 4444 --hostname opendj.example.com --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password --plugin-name "Referential Integrity" --set enabled:true --trustAll --no-prompt With the plugin enabled, you can see OpenDJ referential integrity resolving group membership automatically. $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(cn=My Static Group)" dn: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ou: Groups objectClass: groupOfNames objectClass: top member: uid=ahunter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tmorris,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com cn: My Static Group $ ldapdelete --port 1389 --bindDN "cn=Directory Manager" --bindPassword password uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com Processing DELETE request for uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com DELETE operation successful for DN uid=scarter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com $ ldapsearch --port 1389 --baseDN dc=example,dc=com "(cn=My Static Group)" dn: cn=My Static Group,ou=Groups,dc=example,dc=com ou: Groups objectClass: groupOfNames objectClass: top cn: My Static Group member: uid=ahunter,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=bjensen,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com member: uid=tmorris,ou=People,dc=example,dc=com By default the referential integrity plugin is configured to manage member and uniqueMember attributes. These attributes take values that are DNs, and are indexed for equality by default. Before you add an additional attribute to manage, make sure that it has DN syntax and that it is indexed for equality. OpenDJ requires that the attribute be indexed because an unindexed search for integrity would potentially consume too many of the server's resources. Attribute syntax is explained in the chapter on Managing Schema. For instructions on indexing attributes, see the section on Configuring & Rebuilding Indexes. You can also configure the referential integrity plugin to check that new entries added to groups actually exist in the directory by setting the check-references property to true. You can specify additional criteria once you have activated the check. To ensure that entries added must match a filter, set the check-references-filter-criteria to identify the attribute and the filter. For example, you can specify that group members must be person entries by setting check-references-filter-criteria to member:(objectclass=person). To ensure that entries must be located in the same naming context, set check-references-scope-criteria to naming-context.